Many travellers know about checking voltage, but fewer think about frequency. The number of cycles per second (measured in Hertz, Hz) that electricity alternates in your power supply.
If your plug fits, and the voltage matches, but the frequency is different from what your device expects, it might still run poorly, overheat, or break entirely.
What is Electrical Frequency?
Electrical frequency describes how many times the current alternates between positive and negative in one second.
- North America, parts of South America, and a few other regions use 60 Hz.
- Most of Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia use 50 Hz.
Some devices don’t care about frequency at all, many modern phone chargers and laptop adapters are fine. But others, especially appliances with motors, clocks, or timing mechanisms, are built for one frequency and can behave unpredictably when used on another.
Why Frequency Matters
Imagine bringing a turntable from the US (60 Hz) to the UK (50 Hz). If it’s designed for the US standard, the platter will spin slower, affecting music pitch. Similarly, electric clocks may run faster or slower, and some motors may overheat.
A Personal Travel Story
In 2018, I took my espresso machine from Canada to Spain. I had checked that the voltage matched and proudly plugged it in with my adapter. The pump sounded a little different but I shrugged it off. Two days later, the machine stopped pumping water entirely. It turned out the pump motor was tuned for 60 Hz. Running it on 50 Hz made it strain constantly until it burned out.
How to Check Frequency Compatibility Before You Travel
Look at the label on your device or power brick. If it says 50/60 Hz, you’re safe. If it only lists one frequency (for example, “60 Hz”), then it’s not designed to handle the other standard.
For sensitive equipment, you may need a frequency converter, a much rarer and more expensive accessory than a voltage converter.
Summary
Voltage and plug shape get the most attention, but frequency can be the silent killer of your electronics abroad. Always check your device’s frequency rating, especially if it contains motors, timing systems, or relies on precise rotation speed.
FAQ
1. Can using the wrong frequency damage electronics?
Yes, especially motors and clocks.
2. Why are there two main frequencies in the world?
It’s mostly historical. Early power systems adopted either 50 or 60 Hz, and the standards stuck.
3. Can I use my phone charger anywhere?
Most modern chargers support both frequencies, but always check the label.
4. What happens if I use a 60 Hz fan in a 50 Hz country?
It will spin slower and may overheat over time.
5. Are frequency converters common?
No, they are rare and expensive, usually only used for specialized equipment.
6. Does frequency affect Wi-Fi routers?
Not directly. Their power adapters convert to DC, so frequency doesn’t matter for them.
7. Will an induction cooktop work with the wrong frequency?
Possibly, but heating performance can change.
8. Does frequency affect lightbulbs?
Incandescent bulbs aren’t affected, but fluorescent and LED drivers may behave differently.
9. Can frequency differences cause fire hazards?
Yes, especially in motors running at the wrong speed for long periods.
10. Where can I check frequency information for countries?
You can find it quickly on globalplugs.com along with plug and voltage details.